Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. Psychology has traditionally defined personality through its behavioral patterns, and more recently with neuroscientific studies of the brain. individual striving for competence and independence. The animus represents __________, while the anima represents __________. When a person is faced with one of the three drive conflicts described by Dollard and Miller, the inability to satisfy these conflicts leads to, Dollard and Miller's learning theory explains neurotic behavior in terms of. struggles to understand how and to what extent unconscious forces play a role in human behavior. The discipline seeks to understand a person's major psychological patterns and how those patterns are expressed in an individual's life. are bundles of information that guide us and help us understand the world. Personality encompasses all of the thoughts, behavior patterns, and social attitudes that impact how we view ourselves and what we believe about others and the world around us. have a bias toward saying "yes" or "agree" to questions. field dependent; tilt to align with the room, Julie is a successful interior decorator. Very few of the perspectives are still regarded as useful. by rayr1293, In what way(s) are motives different from traits? Personality type refers to the psychological classification of different types of individuals. Which of Freud’s defense mechanisms best describes this situation? including an assurance that the scores will be kept confidential, The use of multiple methods to assess an individual's personality. Which situation best describes the actions of the super ego? April 20, 2012. Experimental designs have the ability to show cause and effect relationships, "Hysteria," common in the 1800s, most often exhibited itself through the following symptom(s). The Big Five are dimensional, which means that each of them describes a continuum between two extreme poles. Acquired responses to situations similar to an original situation that induced a certain feeling. has a broad self-concept that can understand and accept many feelings and experiences. She has been married for 15 years to an outgoing and kind man. Personality types are sometimes distinguished from personality traits, with the latter embodying a smaller grouping of behavioral tendencies.Types are sometimes said to involve qualitative differences between people, whereas traits might be construed as quantitative differences. Psychologist Gordon Allport was one of the first to describe personality in terms of individual traits. Being in love can change your personality, reducing neurotic tendencies including worrying and being annoyed. From Freud's perspective, a likely reason for someone to become fixated at the oral stage is, Someone who is fixated at the anal stage might. Does this mean our personality is inherited? the person and the environment both contribute to behavior. Bandura's Personality Theory Albert Bandura created his personality theory in 1977. How has the scientific study of culture been used in a negative way? This statement describes Heidi in terms of, According to McCrae and Costa, the Big 5 factors of personality are. allows limitations of any single method to be minimized. Which of the following approaches would be most likely to predict that as societies give more equal rights and opportunities to women, personality differences between men and women would become smaller? __________ are credited with the creation of social learning theory. The aim of this lesson is to understand personality and individual differences between people. A failure to overcome an ego crisis which results in the inability to know who he or she is, and the struggle to find out, According to Darwin, individual differences, can aid in passing on one's genes to offspring, can be adaptive, have a function in survival, and have a genetic basis. Males exhibit more instrumental behavior, females exhibit more expressive behavior. Which of the following is an example of the social learning of gender-related norms? Kelly's personal construct theory posits that. Which of the following instances shows support for Fromm's idea of existential alienation? Erikson’s concept of an identity crisis refers to what? You got a few correct, but it looks like you could use a little more study time on the subject of personality psychology. Read our, How Personality Develops and Changes Through Life, What You Can Learn From Personality Theories in Psychology, What Personality Theories in Psychology May Tell You About Yours, How Cardinal Traits Are Used to Describe Someone's Personality, 10 Interesting Facts Psychologists Have Found About Personality, What the Trait Theory Says About How Our Personalities Are Composed, How Personality Traits Are Developed and Change Over Time, Analyzing Personality Factors for Counseling and Career Guidance, 5 Major Theories of Personality Development. When compared with mood, personality is similar to weather climate, while mood is more like the daily weather. Which of the following characterizes Object Relations Theories? Motives are psychobiological forces that help induce a particular behavior, Motives underlie observable traits, Motives are more basic than traits, Motives involve a goal. According to __________, it would be important to understand the origins of motivations or strivings. According to Freudian theory, how might dreams be similar to icebergs? Her mother reports that she's not a lot of trouble, however, as she spends most of her time playing quietly by herself or watching TV; in fact her mother often has to encourage her to play with the other children in her day-care group. whether a test measures what it is supposed to. He's always been a good student, but lately his grades have been slipping a little bit. be less bothered by it than would an introvert. Why is reliability important in the study of personality? psychoactive drugs, environmental toxins (such as mercury poisoning), organic diseases (such as Alzheimer's), and genetic disorders (such as Angelman Syndrome). She has worked at the same job since graduating college and still socializes with the same people she met in college. People who speak two languages usually relate certain things to each language and act accordingly depending on the language they are speaking or the situation they are in. If you were told that a child was taking a personality test and saw the child drawing a picture. A stressed woman who hides from her problems by climbing into her (older) husband's lap for comfort may be showing which defense mechanism? Personality psychology struggles to understand how and to what extent the unconscious plays a role in behavior 100%. Which of the following is the most important in influencing self-efficacy? Personality has been studied for over 2000 years, beginning with Hippocrates in 370 BCE and spanning through modern theories such as the psychodynamic perspective and trait theory. The idea that people's perceptions or subjective realities are considered to be valid data for investigation is termed a _________ perspective. Work closely with your healthcare team to develop a treatment plan that focuses on your needs and goals. Personality psychology is the scientific discipline that studies the personality system. The "American Paradox" can best be described as what? Who, in his therapy, often played the role of "therapist qua parent" in an attempt to help patients develop a healthy self-concept and overcome their narcissism? After little Albert was conditioned to fear the rat, he. have passive-aggressive tendencies and be overly fastidious and neat. Existentialists are nondeterministic; people are not cogs in some vast machine. :) ", Freudian theory uses the term "libido" to refer to. We weren't able to detect the audio language on your flashcards. A behaviorist view claims that gender differences in personality arise, Research by Whiting and Edwards suggest that across many different cultures, A study of courtship among Boston college students found. A significant criticism of the Five Factor Model is that. could be shown to be false by some type(s) of data. Being diagnosed with a personality disorder can be distressing, but you should know that there are treatments. It might be nice to start off with a definition of theories of personality. is the primary way that cultural behavioral repertoires are acquired, is an efficient and prevalent way of transmitting and modifying behavior, can result in new behaviors in an individual, can strengthen or inhibit responses in an individual. The term temperament, as used in personality psychology, refers to. Inner experiences are the thoughts and feelings to an immediate phenomenon. People with Angelman syndrome are almost always happy and cheerful. Discriminant validity is established when a test, does not correlate with measures of unrelated constructs. powerful emotional symbols rooted in our human history. Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. According to Eysenck's theory, an extrovert, if exposed to annoying external stimuli, would. ", Rudy has unconscious urges to take things that are not his. Jung believed the "mind" is comprised of __________ parts. Thoughts that Freud would term "preconscious" would fall into which of Jung's categories? Rudy's ego-defense mechanism is, Jewel does not get along with her employer, and today she found out that she is going to be demoted next week. Be sure to brush up on some of the basic theories, then come back and try the quiz again to put your knowledge to the test. How is prenatal androgen exposure related to differences in later behavior? Gaining a better understanding of your personality can be helpful in many aspects of your life. The big five personality traits describe only a portion of what personality psychologists study. the importance of identity, continued development in adulthood, the significance of life crisis for encouraging personal growth, and development over the life-span. 2.How and why do individuals behave the way they do? They spend time looking out the window until the client is comfortable, then they go up one floor. desirability of the behavior itself, outcome expectancies , model's similarity to the observer, and the salience of the behavior. Suppose that you have given a personality test to samples of individuals from two different cultural groups. E) Scientific study of what it means to be a person Some of these tests purport to reveal the "real you," while others are clearly meant only for entertainment. They are highly subjective, and have problems with reliability and validity. Unique motivations of individuals and the importance of each person’s perceived niche in society. Some are focused on explaining how personality develops, while others are concerned with individual differences in personality. Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. When we are immature and alienated, the world is seen as one big breast, and we are the sucklers. According to Freudians, why do "Freudian slips" occur more often when we are tired or distracted? Roots of personality psychology can be traced to the theater because, actors often portray "characters" or easily recognizable types of people AND the early use of masks indicated fascination with the nature of individuals, An early supporter of psychological testing (and where much testing is still conducted) was. Personality is such a complex concept that there really is no one specific definition within the field of psychology. Of the eight perspectives discussed in your text, which of the following is NOT true? 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