Other design inputs … Specify batteries with enough amp-hour capacity to support the continuous load for 8 hours and momentary load (such as breaker and switch operation) for a minute or more. This can be done by just copying an already defined scenario and adjusting the relevant values so as to compare the calculation … General Requirements 1-5 . Specify battery charger that is capable of charging the battery. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels. Figure 4: Protective relays inside the control building. Volume I, Design Parameters. Substation Earthing Calculation Methodology (Earthing Materials) 4. Install a combination of lightning masts and shield wires that provides adequate lightning strike coverage. A battery that not only packs enough energy but also provides the discharge characteristics to operate substation equipment is needed. The HVAC system, transformer fans, lights, cabinet heaters, lift-stations/sump pumps, battery charger, etc require AC power. A lightning strike on tall power transmission structures is inevitable. Electrical – Substation Design Calculations Protection and control analysis. hs is the thickness of the surface material [m] A is the area occupied by the ground grid [m2] lT is the total buried length of conductor, including the earth rods [m] If no protective surface layer is used, then Cs =1 and ρs = ρ. Not all loads in the station rely on DC power. For the most part, electric power substations are viewed as the most integral part of a power utilities’ electric system, with electric systems being comprised of power generation, transmission, and distribution systems. The resulting waveform is not smooth but one marred by spikes and dips. https://peguru.com/2019/06/power-substation-design-calculations The height and angle of LED head that provides the required foot-candles of light intensity are calculated. This paper will primarily focus on low-voltage, single phase designs (600V or less). As seen in the video, a piece of substation bus is subjected to extreme forces generated by fault current. Determine if the land is feasible for construction. ... Other substations in the area influence the design of a new substation. Electrical substations form important nodal points in all power networks. Install adequate cross-bracing or vibration dampers to prevent this condition. – Station auxiliary AC power oneline. It should be noted, creating 100% coverage is impossible. Components of a Substation (cbs, cts, isolators, insulation, transformers etc.) Fireproof the control building, not just sidewalls but penetrations in the floor as well. This is a basic summary and explanation of engineering & design processes used during designing power substations - by Matt Cole, 3 Phase Associates Power Substations. One factor affecting the choice of relay is arc-flash. 1 pa electrical technical documents. A well lit area serves this purpose. How much money is spent on building a new substation is largely influenced by the location. – Ground grid plan drawing Tel: 028-6272-4787. The goal would be to insert enough bus supports to stabilize the bus (considering all the forces acting on it). one was producing 1050MW and other one was 800MW. Electrical Substation An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation, transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or the reverse using transformers. The legs of tall structures are also susceptible to aeolian vibration. – Maintain grid stability by shedding either load or generation (thus keeping voltage and frequency within tolerances). Substation battery sizing calculation wrap up. In this article, I will share 18 substation design calculations or studies that will set you up to create a beautiful substation. Some form of protection is required to prevent them from going up in smoke. Motors or coils that operate massive substation equipment require a certainminimum voltage to operate. A lightning strike occasionally carries greater than 1 million-volts, 100 kilo-amps, and 20 giga-joules of energy. Install a combination of lightning masts and shield wires that provides adequate lightning strike coverage. When these propagate into the high voltage system, they damage power transformers and affect the power quality of other customers. However, I feel you are right, it should have been in the list. Specify auxiliary transformer capable of supplying the demand. CTY TNHH XÂY LẮP ĐIỆN QUANG ANH. ĐC: Lầu 2 Tòa Nhà I2 Building, Số 236/26 Điện Biên Phủ, Phường 17, Quận Bình Thạnh, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Thank you for your input. Determine wire size (1/0AWG or #2 gauge or #6 gauge etc.) the book is general information about the basic of the electrical calculations which is rarely found in the collected manner. Miscellaneous – Substation Design Calculations . Substations need a shield to protect itself from lightning strikes. Figure 5: Several factors are considered when picking a relay. However, I decided against it because 18 seemed like a nice number to end the list at. The popular battery chemistry in the industry is lead-sulphuric acid. Eduardo has international experience in substation construction, O&M, and design in substations up to 500 kV. The power grid is subjected to lightning strikes and temporary over-voltages. – Trip and isolate only the faulted zone. Design calculations may be made either manually or by SPU-approved computer programs. The popular battery chemistry in the industry is lead-sulphuric acid. If you are choosing lower insulation level, pay close attention to the ratings of surge arrester and its install location. Volume III, Conductors and Bus Design. If 1-ohm is still in circulation on your documentation then this section applies to you.. This worksheet includes general data that must be known in the starting of Grounding System Design Calculations of AC Substations, which are included in step#1 as follows: Soil Resistivity, ρ; Gravel Resistivity, ρs; Symmetrical Short Circuit Current, Ig; Duration of Earth Fault Current, ts; Maximum Allowable Conductor Temperature; Design Ambient Temperature That’s it, you have read every single study that’s conducted when building a new substation. Your email address will not be published. such that voltage developed at the receiving end is within equipment working limits. These calculations are usually done using specific software. Before the software can aid the substation design engineer, the electrical single line and ground grid for the substation will have to be designed and modeled within the software. – General arrangement plan drawing Protection of modern substations is implemented using microprocessor relays. Volume II, Physical Layout. Substations need a shield to protect itself from lightning strikes. Install mesh grounding system as shown in Figure 9 to create an equipotential surface. This manual is intended as a guide for electrical engineers and designers (hereafter referred as the A/E) for the planning and design of the electrical power distribution and related systems This is called step potential. Specify the quantity of wires that can be pulled. Detailed Syllabus for Substation Design Course, Our Syllabus is Comprehensive,Structured and aim to build design career in EPC Companies,AEDEI Syllabus bases on the EPC Industries , All the Content and syllabus are realated to the industries, AEDEI is providing priactical projects on substration design Skillset: Substation Design | Power System Studies | Arc Flash Study, Please support this blog by sharing the article, Major Substation Equipment - Learn the Purpose,…, Power Circuit Breaker - Operation and Control Scheme, Optical Ground Wire For Communication Between Power…, Power Transformer: Learn the Purpose, Cost, and Lead…, Substation Sub-Surface Engineering: An Overview of…, Electrical – Substation Design Calculations, AC system – auxiliary power transformer calculations, Civil / Structural – Substation Design Calculations, Geotechnical investigation and foundation calculations, Miscellaneous – Substation Design Calculations, Practical Implementation of Transformer Winding Connections – 3 Critical Steps to Consider, Cheatsheet for calculating lightning surge arrester ratings, Easily correct phase shift on a delta-to-wye transformer for paralleling, Major Substation Equipment – Learn the Purpose, Cost, and Lead Time to Procure, Wave Trap: Learn the Purpose, Cost, and Lead Time to Procure. A setup without adequate bus support and under-rated bus support insulators – will collapse. Install mesh grounding system as shown in Figure 9 to create an equipotential surface. Covers bare conductors, rigid and strain bus design. Any thoughts? Specify the quantity of wires that can be pulled. – Cable schedules A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substation security and safety of personnel is important. Results are incorporated in the following drawings: I thought about it but chose not to include it. This is fairly straightforward. Some are capable of tripping the high voltage circuit breaker in the yard. – Station DC power oneline. The Contractor shall show in the design calculations that the fault currents and d.c. stray currents will not damage the structure. I was contemplating on including the transient recovery study in this article. Different Layouts for Substations (single busbar, mesh, 1 1/2 cb) 6. Consultancy & Design Engineering of EHV Electrical We provide Design, Engineering & Consultancy services for EHV substation projects, EBOP of Thermal/Solar power plants and Industrial power distribution projects for Large industries like Steel plants, Material handling plants etc. Results are incorporated in the following drawings: Even though the Earthing Calculations for determining a safe System Earth (Ground) has shifted away from an arbitrary resistance figure, usually <1 ohm. Generally, power substations are used to control the power flow and supply quality in the grid. The grid operates in equilibrium. Substation Design | Power System Analysis. Now requirements aside, every critical component in a machine needs redundancy. A well lit area serves this purpose. Volume III, Conductors and Bus Design. – Specify protection and control logic for the substation equipment. Specify standard sound transformer if the noise generated is acceptable. Design calculations establish minimum guidelines and requirements for generating electrical calculations on projects. The soil resistivity test results will also be required as design inputs. Covers the general design considerations, documents and drawings related to designing a substation. electrical design calculations 1. Install firewalls. MỤC LỤC NỘI DUNG BÀI VIẾT Electrical – Substation Design Calculations. Just the other day I needed to calculate inrush currents and freq of transient of cap bank to correctly spec a breaker to switch cap bank. Substation battery sizing calculations are very straightforward. 1. Pulling more wires than what is possible will break below-grade PVC conduits especially at the bends. Substations can be of various capacities, voltages, configurations and types depending on what is the application for which the substation is being designed. for different conductor specifications, in order to optimize the design of the substation. Motors or coils that operate massive substation equipment require a. Otherwise, mitigate the noise using either sound walls or by specifying low-sound transformer. When this surge is buried into the earth, it needs a path to dissipate. If this path is unavailable (due to high resistivity soil, for instance) the ground potential rises at the point of contact. Earthing and Bonding 3. Geotechnical investigation reveals information on soil conditions, underground obstructions or hazards, seismic conditions, topography, etc. Recent technological develop ments have had a tremendous impact on all Syllabus Outline of Substation Design Course (Online and Offline) Preparation of Key SLD, PSLD for switchyards, Main ACDB & DCDB SLD Preparation of EHV HV Substation Design (Layouts For up to 400kv) I subscribed this morning to your website and immediately thereafter there came up a link to download the pdf ebook “Power Substation Design Calculations – A Checklist of 18 Studies for Engineers to Consider”. such that voltage developed at the receiving end is within equipment working limits. If the risk is acceptable then the coverage is reduced or not installed at all. This can be over-bearing. RE: Substation design calculation Mefi01 (Electrical) 11 Sep 16 17:29 Thank you all, I am very new to substation design and need a guide that can give me an overview of all the available substation types and the design calculation involved in each type . Know the grounding design procedure for AC Substations, Performing grounding design calculations for AC Substations, Use the excel spreadsheets for grounding system design for Domestic, Commercial and Industrial Facilities and AC Substations. Introduction 2. Because earthing is impacted by soil resistivity, in certain cases, the native soil needs to be replaced to get the desired results. Anyone walking in this area is subjected to an electric shock because of the potential difference developed between feet (with reference to Figure 8, one foot on red peak and the other on blue valley). Quite a bit, honestly. He has practiced engineering in the U.S., Canada and Costa Rica. The same concept applies to touch potential. Covers the layout considerations, bus configurations, and electrical clearances. Covers the general design considerations, documents and drawings related to designing a substation. Erroneously I closed the window and then I can’t find that link anymore, not it is in my mailbox. Power substations contain expensive pieces of equipment. This is fairly straightforward. And then there is also arc-flash rated switchgear and all the bells and whistles that come with it. Structural steel is subjected to horizontal loads (line tensions, wind load, etc) and vertical loads (dead weight of equipment mounted on it, ice load, etc). substations in this unified approach are: Single-source responsibility Complete electrical and mechanical control over coordination of the three close-coupled sections Availability of all switchboard and switchgear types gives broad application flexibility Modern design … In other words, minimize widespread outage. Failure to do so renders it inoperable. 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