... horse nettle. It flowers throughout the summer, from April to October (on the northern hemisphere). In European traditional medicine, the plant has been used as a strong sudorific, analgesic, and sedative with powerful narcotic properties. Michael J. Surface portion of Carolina Bristle Mallow plus long runner. "Horsenettle" is also written "horse nettle" or "horse-nettle", though USDA publications usually use the one-word form. The fruit of Carolina Horse Nettle is yellow when ripe. They are pubescent on the upper surface and have sessile stellate (star-shaped) hairs on the lower surface. This plant should be used with caution, see the notes above on toxicity. Search Our Database: Enter any portion of the Scientific, Common Name, or both. Close-up of the leaves. One reason the Iowa noxious weed list hasn’t been brought up for reform and updating, as many professionals know it should be, is because of fear that the Legislature could easily make the list worse instead of better. They grow to about 1 m (39 in) tall, but are typically shorter, existing as subshrubs. They grow readily in sandy or loamy soils, and may also tolerate a wide range of soil types. The plant grows to 3 feet (91 cm) tall, is perennial, and spreads by both seeds and underground rhizome. However, ripe berries and cooked leaves of edible strains are used as food in some locales, and plant parts are used as a traditional medicine. When in pastures, horsenettle is often difficult to get rid of, due to it's deep roots and prickly stems and leaves. Solanum carolinense, the Carolina horsenettle,[2] is not a true nettle, but a member of the Solanaceae, or nightshade family. Wise, Christopher F. Sacchi, "Impact of two specialist insect herbivores on reproduction of horse nettle, "Insects, Nematodes, and Pathogens Associated with Horsenettle (, "Plants Profile for Solanum carolinense (Carolina horsenettle)", Texas A&M University, AgriLife Research & Extension Center at Uvalde, Carolina Horse Nettle, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solanum_carolinense&oldid=994048096, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Bull nettle seed pod which hold the tasty seeds. The mature yellow fruits are eaten, to a limited extent, by the Ring-Necked Pheasant, Bobwhite, Wild Turkey, Eastern Striped Skunk, and possibly small rodents, thereby promoting the distribution of the seeds and spread of this plant. [9] The caterpillars of the Synanthedon rileyana moth[8] and the Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) moth feeds on the plant. Horse Nettle is widely regarded as a weed, with some justication, but it is also one of the native wildflowers of the prairie. PO Box 63, Seneca, SC 29679; 864.606.4673; lmtf.macy@gmail.com Nightshades are a worldwide family that contains many plants with highly toxic fruits; in fact, the Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the few nightshades that is edible. Examples of nightshade plants include tomatoes, potatoes, bell peppers, jimsonweed and the poisonous belladonna nightshade. Bumble bees pollinate the flowers of this species. A tea made from the wilted leaves has been gargled in the treatment of sore throats and the tea has been drunk in … Bull nettle flower and leaves. Carolina nightshade (Solanum carolinense), also known as horsenettle, is a perennial weed that is a member of the nightshade (Solanaceae) family.It is a common contaminate of horse pastures and poor quality hay bales in the southeastern United States. The caterpillars of the day-flying moth Synanthedon rileyana (Riley's Clearwing) feed on Horse Nettle. Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense), a poisonous member of the nightshade family, is one of the most difficult weeds to eradicate since it resists most attempts at control.Tilling the soil only makes it worse because it brings seeds to the surface where they can germinate. It is resistant to many postemergent herbicides and somewhat resistant to broad-spectrum herbicides such as glyphosate and 2,4-D. [12] It can spread vegetatively by underground rhizomes as well as by seed. Saying it’s not edible because my cows don’t eat it is the same as saying, vegetables aren’t edible because my 3 year old won’t eat them. Other common names include radical weed, sand brier or briar, bull nettle, tread-softly, Solanum mammosum ("apple of Sodom"), devil's tomato and wild tomato. Because of its many spines, the forage value of Carolina horse nettle is poor for wildlife and livestock. Young plant showing leaves and flowers. Most mammals avoid eating the stems and leaves due to both the spines and toxicity of the plant.[8]. In fact, herbicide use often selects for horsenettle by removing competing weeds. [6] They prefer full sun, but can tolerate both wet or dry conditions. Carolina horsenettle is considered a noxious weed in several US states. [10] These two beetles are its two primary herbivores, and can reduce fruit production by as much as 75% relative to plants protected from all insects. [7], These plants can be found growing in pastures, roadsides, railroad margins, and in disturbed areas and waste ground. It is a perennial herbaceous plant, native to the southeastern United States that has spread widely throughout much of temperate North America. A Loja de Saúde do Prado, está sediada na Vila de Prado e tem uma Filial em Vila Verde, que oferece uma gama completa de produtos para todos os tipos de situações ortopédicas, anca, coluna, joelho, tornozelo, mão, cotovelo, ombro, punho e pé. Carolina horsenettle. Horsenettle, also called Carolina horsenettle or bullnettle, is a her-baceous perennial that is a member of the nightshade family (Solanaceae). It is an especially despised weed by gardeners who hand-weed, as the spines tend to penetrate the skin and then break off when the plant is grasped. Horsenettle, Solanum Carolinense, is similar looking to the Tropical Soda Apple but is a smaller plant. Any livestock---including cattle, sheep, goats and pigs as well as horses---may be poisoned after eating large quantities of horse nettle. The blossom of Carolina Horse Nettle is white to pale violet with long yellow anthers. Not a true nettle, this is a member of the nightshade genus which includes the garden tomato. Manduca sexta moths prefer inbred plants to outbred plants. Pinching off the top of the plant is a great way to take only tender new growth while leaving most of the plant to continue growing. This page was last edited on 13 December 2020, at 21:10. Perennial herb with prickles; leaves alternate and simple, lobed or coarsely toothed; flower white to purplish, 5-parted; fruit a yellow berry. Leaves smell like potatoes when crushed. [6], All parts of the plant, including its tomato-like fruit, are poisonous to varying degrees due to the presence of solanine glycoalkaloids which is a toxic alkaloid and one of the plant's natural defenses. It is resistant to many postemergent herbicides and somewhat resistant to broad-spectrum herbicides such as glyphosate and 2,4-D. Locally, a common nightshade is Carolina Horse-nettle (Solanum carolinense), the plant with … Carolina horsenettle is considered a noxious weed in several US states. Characteristics of the Carolina horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) Family: Solanaceae (nightshades). While ingesting any part of the plant can cause fever, headache, scratchy throat, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, ingesting the fruit can cause abdominal pain, circulatory and respiratory depression, or even death. Because of the intense competition among plants and their root systems, this plant is less aggressive in prairie habitats than in disturbed sites around developed areas. The beetle Leptinotarsa juncta specializes on this plant, and the beetle Epitrix fuscula (eggplant flea beetle) eats it as well. Scientific Name(s): Cnidoscolus stimulosus, Cnidoscolus texanus Abundance: common What: seeds, taproot How: seeds raw, roasted; root baked Where: sunny fields When: summer, fall Nutritional Value: protein, calories Dangers: entire plant is covered in stinging hairs similar to stinging nettle. Solanum is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, which include three food crops of high economic importance, the potato, the tomato and the eggplant (aubergine, brinjal). Noxious weed U.S. Weed Information; Solanum carolinense . However, it is not considered an edible plant like its potato and tomato counterparts. Horsenettle flowers can be purple or white where Tropical Soda Apple has only white blossoms. Carolina Horse Nettle is weak-stemmed and can be sprawling, or erect to about 3 feed tall. The fruit is poisonous to livestock. The berries should be harvested when fully ripe and carefully air-dried. Carolina Bristle Mallow. All branches and stems are sharp, hard and have 5 mm long spikes. The leaves are usually shallowly lobed and up to about 5 inches long. Solanum carolinense L. – Carolina horsenettle Subordinate Taxa. [4][5] The stem and undersides of larger leaf veins are covered with spines. The fruits are benefical to wildlife. Stems of older plants are woody. [11], Fruits are eaten by a variety of native animals, including ring-necked pheasant, bobwhite, wild turkey, and striped skunk. 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